Hon. Henry F. Severens (right) with fellow 6th Circuit Justices Day and Lurton

Solomon L. Withey - First District Court Judge

U.S. Courthouse, Grand Rapids, Michigan - 1879

U.S. Courthouse, Grand Rapids, Michigan - 1911

U.S. Courthouse, Marquette, Michigan - 1889

U.S. Courthouse, Marquette, Michigan - 1937

U.S. Courthouse, Kalamazoo, Michigan - 1939

U.S. Courthouse, Sault Sainte Marie, Michigan - 1910

It Happened Here

Robert Holmes Bell

In the Winter 2023 edition of the Stereoscope, colleagues and family remember the life and legacy of the Honorable Robert Holmes Bell, who passed away at age 79 on June 8, 2023.

Court historian, Hugh W. Brenneman, Jr., introduces a portrait of Judge Bell and tributes from his colleagues and family highlight his life and career.

Read the complete article from Stereoscope, Volume 19, Issue 2.
Justice O'Connor swearing in

Volume 18, Issue 3 of the Stereoscope recalls Justice Sandra Day O’Connor’s visit to Mackinac Island some 38 years ago, to attend the Sixth Circuit Judicial Conference. Court historian, Hugh Brenneman, Jr., paints a portrait of who she was in those early years, on and off the Court,and tells interesting and amusing stories of her time on the island and what the Conference may have foreshadowed.

Read the complete article from Stereoscope, Volume 18, Issue 3.
Benjamin F. Gibson

In the Spring 2021 edition of the Stereoscope , Court Historian Hugh W. Brenneman, Jr. remembers the life and legacy of the Honorable Benjamin F. Gibson, who passed away at age 89 on January 13, 2021.

Memorialized as "The Gentleman Judge,” Judge Gibson served as District Judge in the Western District of Michigan during the 1980s and most of the 1990s.

He is as remembered for the exemplary manner in which he carried out his judicial duties as he is for the numerous racial barriers he overcame along the way.

Read the complete article from Stereoscope, Volume 18, Issue 2, Spring 2021.
"Our First District Judge and the Civil War", by David J. Gass.  President Lincoln nominated the Western District's first district judge on March 12, 1863.  Solomon Withey was a 42-year-old Grand Rapids lawyer.  His appointment occurred at the mid-point of the Civil War and at the low point of the union's prospects for victory.  While he served for 23 years as the only judge for the Western District, his first two years coincided with the last two years of the Civil War.  This article focuses on those first years of Judge Withey's tenure and its close association with the monumental events occurring during the "War of Rebellion."  The second session of the Court occurred on July 1 and 2, 1863, in the new federal courtroom - a three-story building located the northwest corner of Pearl and Monroe (then Canal), where the Amway Grand Plaza now stands.  Ironically, that opening of the new courtroom coincided with the Battle of Gettysburg, which was fiercely raging some 500 miles to the southeast.  Most of Judge Withey's cases were related in some way to the Civil War, and some of his comments on the Civil War made in court were recorded by the local newspapers.  This included his remarks on President Lincoln's assisination.  Judge Withey's portrait today hangs high on the back wall of Judge Bell's courtroom.  Next year marks the 150th anniversary of his appointment.
 
Read the complete article in Stereoscope, Volume 5, Issue 4 (Winter 2007)
"The Taxing Journey of the Daniel Ball," by Michael Puerner. The Daniel Ball was the queen of steamboat traffic on the Grand River. Its owners had declined to pay a federal licensing fee on the grounds that they conducted business only in the state of Michigan, indeed only on the Grand River, and hence were not subject to laws enacted under the interstate and foreign commerce clause of the United States Constitution.  Judge Soloman Withey, the first judge of our Western District Court, and an appointee of President Abraham Lincoln, agreed and dismissed the Government's case against the Daniel Ball.  The Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, however, reversed, on the grounds that the Grand River flows into Lake Michigan, which facilitates transportation and interstate commerce between several great lakes states. The United States Supreme Court agreed with the Sixth Circuit, Mr. Justice Stephen Field, delivering the unanimous opinion of the Court. The Supreme Court's decision in the Daniel Ball case remains one of the most frequently relied upon precedence in commerce clause cases. 
 
Read the complete article in Stereoscope, Volume 2, Issue 1, Summer 2004.
"A Flakey Patent Case," between the Sanitas Nut Food Company and the Voigt Milling Company of Grand Rapids. The Sanitas Nut Food Company was founded by Dr. John Harvey Kellogg and his younger brother Will K. Kellogg, to promote the commercial sales of the "Granose Flakes" which Dr. Kellogg gave to patients visiting the Kellogg Sanitarium. Dr. Kellogg refused to put the Kellogg name on a commercial product, because he didn't want to taint the reputation of his sanitarium with commercialization. The third United States District Judge for the Western District of Michigan, Judge Wanty, found Dr. Kellogg's patent to be invalid, because it had been derived by him during a visit to the processing plant of one Henry D. Perkey of Denver, Colorado, who had developed a "shredded biscuit." The utcome of the case may have contributed to the split between Dr. Kellogg and his younger brother Will, which resulted in Will's founding of the W. K. Kellogg Company.
 
Read the complete article in Stereoscope, Volume 1, Issue 3, Fall 2003.

"Major League Baseball in Grand Rapids." In the spring of 1914, the top legal talent in the nation gathered in Grand Rapidsto litigate over the "reserve clause" of Reindeer Bill Kiliker's 1913 contract with the Philadelphia Phillies. He had violated the clause by joining the Chicago Whales. He then repudiated the Whales contract by returning to the Philadelphia Phillies. The Chicago Whales and the federal baseball league sued seeking to enjoin Reindeer Bill from playing baseball for any team other than the Chicago Whales. The Phillies relied on the reserve clause which Reindeer Bill had violated, as a basis for justifying his return to the Phillies and repudiation of his agreement with the Whales.

Judge Sessions, the fourth United States District Judge for the Western District of Michigan found the reserve clause to be unenforceable, but nevertheless ruled against the Chicago Whales for having interfered with Reindeer Bill's "moral, if not legal, duty to furnish his services to the Phillies for the season of 1914. . .." 
 
Read the complete article from Stereoscope, Volume 1, Issue 1, Winter 2003.
"The Grand Rapids Attorney Who Cross Examined General Billy Mitchell." Then there was Grand Rapids patent attorney Frank Liverance, who in the early 1930s had the opportunity to cross-examine the famous General Billy Mitchell in a patent case which pitted Grand Rapids inventor Willis Perkins against Raymond Sperry, the "Howard Hughes" like son of the founder of Sperry Instrument Company. The case involved a system for launching and recovering airplanes from dirigibles, two of which had been commissioned by the United States Navy employing the patented system. Both Sperry and Perkins claimed to have invented the system, but Sperry was posthumously awarded the patent. Unfortunately for the success of the invention, the frequent crashes of dirigibles, including the two Navy dirigibles which employed the patented system, resulted in a relatively short commercial life span for anything related to dirigibles.  
 
Read the complete article in Stereoscope, Volume 5, Issue 2, Summer 2007.
 Click here to see a video of a "dirigible as aircraft carrier" in action.
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Western District Historical Society - Site Map

The Western District Historical Society Web site at a glance

Home

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Welcome to the Historical Society for the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan. Founded in 2002 with the support of the Western Michigan Chapter of the Federal Bar Associ


Contact Info

Contact Information

Where to Find UsEtiam non lacus ac velit lobortis rutrum sed id turpis. Ut dictum, eros eu blandit pellentesque, nisi nisl dapibus mauris, sed feugiat enim urna sit amet nibh. Suspendisse sed tort


Stereoscope

Stereoscope

Stereoscope: The Journal of the Historical Society is published seasonally by the Society, recounting the proceedings of the Society, and often features in-depth articles about the Court's colorfu


Directory of Officers

Directory of Officers, Trustees and Affiliated Personnel

Directory of Officers, Trustees and Affiliated Personnel **List of Past Officers and Board Members 2003-2023** President: Matthew G. Borgula Springstead Bartish Borgul


Biographical Consultants

Biographical Consultants

Biographical Consultants It is the intent of the Historical Society to appoint a biographical consultant for every judge who has served on the Court, to co-ordinate the collection of information ab


About Us

About Us.

Founded in 2002 with the support of the Western Michigan Chapter of the Federal Bar Association, the Historical Society is a free-standing 501(c)(3) organization incorporated under the laws of the Sta


Magistrate Judges

Magistrate Judges

U.S. Magistrate Judges - Western District of Michigan   Stephen W. Karr (1971-1987) Lloyd R. Fayling (1971-1982) John R. Weber (1972-1988) Stuart D. Hubbell (1972-1979) Hugh W. Brenneman, Jr.


More History

More History

Resources   The Bench and the Bar. by Willard Irving Brigham. Chapter LXIV of The History of the City of Grand Rapids, by Albert Baxter. 1891. History of the Grand Rapids Bar Association F


Speakers Bureau

Speakers Bureau

David J. Gass Miller Johnson (616) 831-1717 gassd@millerjohnson.com  Michael A. MacDonald Assistant United States Attorney's Office (616) 456-2404 Michael.MacDonald@usdoj.gov   James


Bankruptcy Judges

Bankruptcy Judges for the Western District of Michigan

  Judges Dates of Service Vice Location Nims, David Erwin, Jr. 15 April 1955- 30 September 1986  


Solomon L. Withey

Solomon L. Withey

       Solomon L. Withey 1863-1886   Solomon L. Withey was born at St. Albans, Vermont, April 21, 1820. His family settled in Vermont during the colon


Anniversary Gallery

Anniversary Gallery

 Photos by Dianne Carroll Photography


150th Anniversary

Thank God for Michigan

"Thank God for Michigan" video presentation     During the evening's reception and dinner, a selection of photographs from Grand Rapids' early decades


District Judges

Western District Judges

Judges of the Western District of Michigan Number of judges who have served on the court: 23 Withey, Solomon Lewis (1863-1886) Severens, Henry Franklin (1886-1900) Wanty, George P. (1900-1906)


George P. Wanty

George P. Wanty

George P. Wanty 1900-1906 George Proctor Wanty, son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Proctor) Wanty, was born on March 12, 1856, in Ann Arbor Michigan. His parents had immigrated to the Uni


Henry F. Severens

Henry F. Severens

Henry F. Severens 1886-1900 Henry Franklin Severens was born in Rockingham, Vermont, on May 11, 1835, the son of a farmer. He received his early education in the public schools of V